If automation is justified, it may mean installation of a computer-integrated manufac turing (CIM) system. CIM implies the following capabilities: (1) the products are designed through the use of a computer-assisted design (CAD) system, (2) a computer-assisted en neering (CAE) system is used to test the design, (3) the product is manufactured usin a computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) system (CAMs use computer-controlled machines and robots), and (4) an information system connects the various automated components