PID plus Double Derivative (PID + DD) Controller
Proportional – Integral – Derivative (PID) controller widely used
because of simple design and its robust performance against wide
range of operating conditions. A PID like structured, Proportional –
Integral – Derivative plus Double Derivative (PID + DD) controller
attained the attention of researchers to study Automatic Voltage
regulator (AVR) system [14]. PID + DD controller consists of four
control terms whereas three control knobs in PID controller. The
structure of proposed PID + DD controller is shown in Fig. 2. The
input to the controller is error signal e (t) = ACE, where the output
U (s), from the controller is given by Eq. (17).