All non-shape variations of these landmarks such as
orientation (or rotation), scale, and size were removed. Next,
digitized landmark outputs were analyzed by tpsRelw, tpsReg
[13], and NtSys Pc. 2. Finally, samples of five areas were
classified with Canonical variate analysis (CVA) by SPSS ver.
18. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was
carried out on the landmark data in order to compare honey
bee populations.