The in clusion of social costs in supply chain management could allow decision makers of enterprises to estimate more practical costs in the operations of supply chain networks. The proposed model has the potential to become a useful tool that facilitates the understanding of optimal supply chain strategies with consideration for social costs of CO2 and other wastes emissions resulting from operating such a supply chain network. In addition, the pro-posed model could serve as a useful reference for legislators in estimating the monetary loss resulting from CO2 emissions in the operations of supply chain networks. Furthermore, the legislators could refer this model to propose legislations to enforcetheen-terprises to pay for the social costs of CO2 emissions. Therefore, the enterprises must invest money in reducing CO2 emissions from the
operations of such supply chain networks.