Decades of behavioural research and practice have yielded proven strategies for changing people’s
behaviour. Such strategies can be used to help patients with diverse medical conditions (22,23), and can
also be effective in changing the behaviour of health care providers (24) and health care systems (25).
Epidemiological research concerning the prevalence and correlates of poor adherence to treatment,
and research on adherence to treatment for specific diseases is presented in the main text of this
report. In this annex, the following are discussed from a behavioural perspective: