The previous chapter mentioned the construction of the Pa Bong community in relations to the state’s revaluation of uplands into protected areas. This chapter illustrates how the state’s policies on uplands and natural resource management are not accepted but are constantly under negotiation by people and social movements. While the state claims rights over forestland based on a formal legal regime and exercises its power through development and conservation policies, social movements claim local rights to land based on other legitimacies. This chapter focuses on two main strategies appropriated by social movements for constructing localized meanings of land; i.e. the construction of local people’s identities, as “peasant” or “farmer”, and the construction of “community”. These strategies are explicated through the actions of social movements, such as the request of land allocation to small scale farmers, the demand for a community forest law, and community-based forest management.