Also, there might be several contextual factors that influence alliance relationships and perception of firm performance. In this study, we have assumed that these contextual factors do not have a systematic effect on any one segment of our sample. It is also important to acknowledge that hybrid arrangements, meaning focal firms could use 3PLs as well as own their own transportation assets for transportation and warehousing services.
Our study was not able to separate these two categories effectively and that is a limitation.
Finally, while our response rate is comparable to studies using similar sampling frames, a higher response rate would be ideal. Nevertheless, conclusions from our results should be guarded against unwarranted generalizations.