The foot skin temperature in the foot bathing group increased, whereas there was no change in the foot massage group.
We could not find a directly comparable previous study of this effect, but the distal proximal skin temperatures of elderly patients increased by 2.01-C after 60 minutes of foot bathing with water at 40-C to 41-C. The skin temperature also increased in adults with a mean age of 26.9 years after foot bathing with water at 42-C for 30 minutes over 5 days. In addition, Liao et al. and Kra¨uchi et al. reported that warm therapy, such as a bath or foot bath, can promote circulation due to the expansion of capillary vessels and that skin temperature can rise by thermal dispersion from the deep tissues to the capillaries. However, we could not find data on the changing skin temperature related to foot massage. Therefore, a further well-designed study must be done to confirm the effectiveness of foot bathing and foot massage