Therefore, in order to tackle the ways in which this group of Shan people interrogates and re-signifies popular culture, I have divided my analysis according to technological platform or genre: jokes and folklore, Shan print media, Burmese rock music, Shan rock music, Burmese cinema, Shan video production, and finally a Buddhist novice ordination ritual. Ultimately, I argue that the effective production of a hypostatized Shan nation is a project of reworking and re-signifying texts in the local milieu. Through this process, these actors' vision of the future includes a fully-fledged Shan nation, and because of the use of popular culture genres, this vision also anticipates recognition of the hypostatized Shan nation within a larger cosmo-political order.