The third, pertaining to disposal for environmental protection, was novel, being the percentage
of total waste which goes to any sort of controlled disposal(Rushbrook and Pugh, 1999) or treatment facility rather than to open or uncontrolled dumping or open burning. In addition, a
fourth quantitative indicator, total waste captured by the waste management and recycling system, was introduced to provide a useful cross-check on both collection coverage and controlled
disposal.