At the idiosyncratic level, elementary students tend to base their reasoning on
their own data sets (I went to one of their concerts), while middle school students
often use the given data but in an inappropriate way (combine all the bars).
Elementary and middle school students who exhibit transitional reasoning tend to
focus on one aspect of the data, for example, the height of the bars in the case of the
elementary student and ratios that are not fully connected in the case of the middle
school student. The middle school student applies more sophisticated mathematical
ideas than the elementary student, but neither student provides a complete
justification. At the quantitative level, both elementary and middle school students
make multiple quantitative comparisons but have difficulty linking their ideas. For
example, the elementary student compares the data in the three graphs and then
makes a local comparison within the “best” data set (total concert earnings); the
middle school student makes multiple comparisons based on total earnings versus
number of shows, but does not actually link the ratios to the context. The main
difference between the elementary and middle school students’ responses at this
level is that the middle school student has access to proportional reasoning. Students
who exhibit analytical reasoning use local and global comparisons of data and
knowledge of the context to make valid inferences. For example, both the elementary
and the middle school students recognize the need to relate money earned with
number of shows performed; the main difference is that the middle school student
actually determines and compares appropriate rates derived from the context. In fact,
the middle school student even raises some additional factors that may act as
limitations to the solution presented.
At the idiosyncratic level, elementary students tend to base their reasoning on
their own data sets (I went to one of their concerts), while middle school students
often use the given data but in an inappropriate way (combine all the bars).
Elementary and middle school students who exhibit transitional reasoning tend to
focus on one aspect of the data, for example, the height of the bars in the case of the
elementary student and ratios that are not fully connected in the case of the middle
school student. The middle school student applies more sophisticated mathematical
ideas than the elementary student, but neither student provides a complete
justification. At the quantitative level, both elementary and middle school students
make multiple quantitative comparisons but have difficulty linking their ideas. For
example, the elementary student compares the data in the three graphs and then
makes a local comparison within the “best” data set (total concert earnings); the
middle school student makes multiple comparisons based on total earnings versus
number of shows, but does not actually link the ratios to the context. The main
difference between the elementary and middle school students’ responses at this
level is that the middle school student has access to proportional reasoning. Students
who exhibit analytical reasoning use local and global comparisons of data and
knowledge of the context to make valid inferences. For example, both the elementary
and the middle school students recognize the need to relate money earned with
number of shows performed; the main difference is that the middle school student
actually determines and compares appropriate rates derived from the context. In fact,
the middle school student even raises some additional factors that may act as
limitations to the solution presented.
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