Alternatively to the above applications,
CA can also be used to imitate the dynamics of similar, but
not natural phenomena e.g. spreading of infectious diseases through
internet: Peng, Wang, and Yu has used CA for building a model describing
the propagation of worms in smartphones, where worms are
self-replicating computer viruses, which can propagate through computer
networks without any human intervention (Peng et al., 2013)