was the optimal medium for the initiation stage of PLBs as estab-lished in a previous study (Rachmawati et al., 2011). The numberof shoots used in the study, 20 in total, was limited due to slowgrowth of the donor plants. The cultures were incubated for a 12-h photoperiod under cool fluoresent lamps at ∼13.5 mol/m2/s,