Though the bio-resource base of Pakistan is substantial, its contribution
to useful energy is low. An indirect consequence of the
low energy use efficiency is that the carbon emissions would be
high. One major drawback of present bio-energy resource use is
that these fuels are used in traditional methods which are inherently
inefficient. The most common method of cooking throughout
rural areas is the open hearth or three-stone fire, which transfers
around 5–15% of the fuel energy to the cooking pot. By comparison,
kerosene and LPG stoves provide efficiencies of around 40% and 50%
[7,23].