1. INTRODUCTION
The principle guiding user centred design is to ensure users are part of the design process. Smith’s (1997) description and approach towards user-centred design in general include the user in the design process. Design methodologies that follow the underpinning philosophy of user-centred design emphasise the usefulness and usability of anything that is engineered. In today’s design and development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and software solutions, study of a user’s context and associated mobility is crucial to achieve effective solutions. Researchers have emphasised the importance of context when designing systems (Dourish, 2004, Beyer & Holtzblatt, 1998). Including users within the design process is further extended to focusing on the user as a subject of analysis, building on their personality, traits, habits, reactions to situations and problems until we identify with a generalized persona. Digging deeper, the essence to realising a vision such as Mark Weiser’s world of Ubiquitous Computing would be to identify what aspects of ‘natural human activity’ can feed specific information into sensor based systems and technology to result in the outcomes and outputs required and demanded by the human expectations. The key factor in satisfying this human expectation lies in identifying what the user wants to achieve. This could be in the abstract form of a mission or a more tangible and identifying form of a task or an activity. Waern (1989) suggests that human-computer interaction should be analysed with task as a reference. In the observations that we carried out within our research, we started by maintaining the user as our focus. However, as we continued and tried to solidify our approach in identifying design strategies for mobile systems, we found that identifying the user’s broader “mission”, and narrower/more specific task or activity leads to a deeper level of clarity in identifying the nuts and bolts of design specification in achieving the philosophies of user-centred design. In a given scenario, the objective a user has to fulfil is the task, and the context in which the user and the task are encapsulated in will impact the nature and outcome of the task.
1. บทนำThe principle guiding user centred design is to ensure users are part of the design process. Smith’s (1997) description and approach towards user-centred design in general include the user in the design process. Design methodologies that follow the underpinning philosophy of user-centred design emphasise the usefulness and usability of anything that is engineered. In today’s design and development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and software solutions, study of a user’s context and associated mobility is crucial to achieve effective solutions. Researchers have emphasised the importance of context when designing systems (Dourish, 2004, Beyer & Holtzblatt, 1998). Including users within the design process is further extended to focusing on the user as a subject of analysis, building on their personality, traits, habits, reactions to situations and problems until we identify with a generalized persona. Digging deeper, the essence to realising a vision such as Mark Weiser’s world of Ubiquitous Computing would be to identify what aspects of ‘natural human activity’ can feed specific information into sensor based systems and technology to result in the outcomes and outputs required and demanded by the human expectations. The key factor in satisfying this human expectation lies in identifying what the user wants to achieve. This could be in the abstract form of a mission or a more tangible and identifying form of a task or an activity. Waern (1989) suggests that human-computer interaction should be analysed with task as a reference. In the observations that we carried out within our research, we started by maintaining the user as our focus. However, as we continued and tried to solidify our approach in identifying design strategies for mobile systems, we found that identifying the user’s broader “mission”, and narrower/more specific task or activity leads to a deeper level of clarity in identifying the nuts and bolts of design specification in achieving the philosophies of user-centred design. In a given scenario, the objective a user has to fulfil is the task, and the context in which the user and the task are encapsulated in will impact the nature and outcome of the task.
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