Table 1 shows the demographic information of the six participants. The
information indicates that four have completed or are in the process of completing a
Master's program. Two of the teachers have completed the required number of
courses and staff development classes to qualify for the Pennsylvania Department of
Education Master's Equivalency. Additionally, all six teachers have participated in Effective Elements of Instruction, and two have been trained to use Reading
Apprenticeship, a literacy framework to help secondary struggling readers be
successful and emphasizes reading strategies in the classroom instruction. Only one
teacher has had training in using Differentiated Instruction, and only one has
extensive knowledge of curriculum mapping