Methods: We conducted a non-randomized controlled study. Premenopausal women with CLBP were recruited with a local flyer and allocated toHatha yoga and untreated control groups. Before and after 12 weeks, CLBP by Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), back flexibility,stress by Symptoms of Stress Inventory (SOSI), and serum cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), and C-reactive protein (CRP) wereevaluated. Effects of yoga were assessed with per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses.
Results: By the per-protocol analysis, RMDQ (p < 0.05) and back flexibility (p < 0.001) significantly improved in the yoga group (n = 14), whereasthere were no significant differences in the control group (n = 11). Serum cortisol level and total SOSI score significantly decreased in the yogagroup (both p < 0.05). TNF- maintained in the yoga group whereas TNF- significantly increased in the control group (p < 0.01). CRP did notchanged significantly in both groups. The findings from the intention-to-treat analysis were consistent with those of the per-protocol analysis.
Conclusions: The present results suggest that yoga may be an effective treatment for CLBP and stress although the results should be confirmedwith a large-scale randomized controlled trial.© 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.