The educational background of most participants was vocational
level, and over half were employed. Most of them were multiparous,
had a family history of diabetes and no serious diabetic complications
(Table 1). Mean ages of the pregnant women in the intervention
group and control group were 32.58 (SD = 5.01), 31.24 (SD = 4.54)
years, respectively. Mean fasting plasma glucose before taking a 100-g
oral glucose tolerance test was 89.18 (SD = 12.84), and 89.36 (SD =
13.19), respectively. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly
between groups.