The importance of Nakhon Pathom in the early history of Thailand is well
recognized because of the large number of archeological remains found there:
ruins of stūpa or caitya foundations, stone and bronze sculptures, and clay and
stucco artifacts, among other items (figure 1). How much is really known about
the iconography of its art? While new archeological discoveries have been made1
and excavations are being carried out in central Thailand, art historians still need
to rely on earlier studies and museum collections, not only for reference material
but also in reconsidering some of what has been found and has fallen, for the most
part, into oblivion. Unfortunately a large number of Buddhist artifacts in museum
collections in Thailand lack information about their archeological context that is
necessary in building an understanding of their real place and function in a religious
complex and culture. There are some rare exceptions, however, Wat Phra Men being
a good example.