Fig. 2. Practical examples of substitution (A), regeneration (B), and reduction (C) at the household scale. Substitution includes watering a garden with rainwater from a rainwater tank and flushing toilets and washing laundry with treated
stormwater effluent from a biofilter. For regeneration, a waste stabilization pond (WSP) transforms sewage from the house into high-quality water used for irrigating an orchard. Reduction includes repairing leaks in the water distribution
system, drip irrigation, a dual-flush toilet, a low-flow shower rose, and a frontloading clothes washer. Other water infrastructure elements shown include a conventional drinking water plant (DWTP); a conventional wastewater treatment
plant (WWTP); and a river diversion (supplying the orchard).