For example, the Cleaner Treatment Index (CTI) was developed by Coelho et al. (2012) to assess the environmental performance of waste treatment technologies based on the “cleaner treatment” concept, whereas in the work of Herva and Roca (2013)four different options of MSW treatment were ranked from an environmental point of view by applying the ecological footprint (EF)as a single composite indicator, and a multi-criteria analysis integrating the EF together with other material flow indicators related to water consumption