In all participating hospitals, seclusion and mechanical
restraint were defined in an identical way. Mechanical
restraint was defined as the use of belts to fix a patient to
a bed. Seclusion was defined as bringing the patient into
an empty and locked room without possibility to leave.
In the Swiss hospitals 7931 cases were treated in 2004 of
which 1976 (24.9%) had a schizophrenic disorder (F2).
In the German hospitals 31399 cases were treated in 2004
of which 6761 cases had a schizophrenic disorder
(21.5%). Diagnoses were made in clinical routine procedures
according to ICD-10 criteria.