This research was carried out in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK. The city has a population of approximately
560,000, and is part of a wider metropolitan area of around 1.5 million. The city is renowned as a ‘green’
city, with seven river valleys forming important green infrastructure, as well over 2 million trees and
250 parks and green spaces, which make it one of the greenest cities in Europe. In the last 20 years,
significant work has taken place in the public realm, and the Peace and Winter Gardens have won awards
for accessibility and quality of regeneration. As such, the city offers a variety of civic and naturalistic
places for discussion with participants, (see Figures 1–5). Participants for the research all lived in the
city, and had received care from Sheffield Primary Care Trust.