The most studied benefits of biodiversity for fruit tree production are related to crop protection and are mainly based
on an increase in plant diversity that favours the increase in animal diversity, including birds, mammals and arthropods.
A higher level of pest control is thus expected, at least for some pests, through an increase in the abundance and the richness of their natural enemies. Within this framework of conservation biological control, we develop the effect on orchard pest control of (1) two plant assemblages associated with the orchard, i.e. plant ground covers and lining hedgerows, and (2) the local land uses in the agricultural landscape. Lastly, the role of insectivore birds, favoured
by nesting-boxes, will be discussed. Diversity is understood as measurements by classical ecological indices such as the
Shannon index, but also by richness and abundance of the studied groups. All taxonomic levels are taken into account.