general, or even occasionally, the use of particular sets of structures in the language.
(Skehan 1998: 97-98)
Design
Objectives
There are few published (or perhaps, fully implemented) examples of complete language
programs that claim to be fully based on most recent formulations of TBLT. The
literature contains mainly descriptions of examples of task-based activities. However, as
with other communicative approaches, goals in TBLT are ideally to be determined by the
specific needs of particular learners. Selection of tasks, according to Long Crookes
(1993), should be based on a careful analysis of the real-world needs of learners. An
example of how this was done with a national English curriculum is the English
Language Syllabus in Schools Malaysian (1975) — a national, task-based communicative
syllabus. A very broad goal for English use was determined by the Ministry of Education
at a time when Malay was systematically replacing English-medium instruction at all
levels of education. An attempt to define the role of English, given the new role for
national Malay language, led to the broad goal of giving all Malaysian secondary school
leavers the ability to communicate accurately and effectively in the most common English
- language activities they may be involved in. Following this broad statement, the
syllabus development team identified a variety of work situations in which English use
was likely. The anticipated vocational (and occasionally recreational) uses of English for
nontertiary-bound, upper secondary school leavers were stated as a list of general English
use objectives. The resulting twenty-four objectives then became the framework within
which a variety of related activities were proposed. The components of these activities
were defined in the syllabus under the headings of Situation, Stimulus, Product, Tasks,
and Cognitive Process. An overview of the syllabus that resulted from this process is
given in Chapter 14.
The syllabus
The differences between a conventional language syllabus and a task-based one are
discussed below. A conventional syllabus typically specifies the content of a course from
among these categories:
— language structures
— functions
— topics and themes
— macro-skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking)
— competencies
— text types
— vocabulary targets
general, or even occasionally, the use of particular sets of structures in the language.(Skehan 1998: 97-98)DesignObjectivesThere are few published (or perhaps, fully implemented) examples of complete languageprograms that claim to be fully based on most recent formulations of TBLT. Theliterature contains mainly descriptions of examples of task-based activities. However, aswith other communicative approaches, goals in TBLT are ideally to be determined by thespecific needs of particular learners. Selection of tasks, according to Long Crookes(1993), should be based on a careful analysis of the real-world needs of learners. Anexample of how this was done with a national English curriculum is the EnglishLanguage Syllabus in Schools Malaysian (1975) — a national, task-based communicativesyllabus. A very broad goal for English use was determined by the Ministry of Educationat a time when Malay was systematically replacing English-medium instruction at alllevels of education. An attempt to define the role of English, given the new role fornational Malay language, led to the broad goal of giving all Malaysian secondary schoolleavers the ability to communicate accurately and effectively in the most common English- language activities they may be involved in. Following this broad statement, thesyllabus development team identified a variety of work situations in which English usewas likely. The anticipated vocational (and occasionally recreational) uses of English fornontertiary-bound, upper secondary school leavers were stated as a list of general Englishuse objectives. The resulting twenty-four objectives then became the framework withinwhich a variety of related activities were proposed. The components of these activitieswere defined in the syllabus under the headings of Situation, Stimulus, Product, Tasks,and Cognitive Process. An overview of the syllabus that resulted from this process isgiven in Chapter 14.The syllabusThe differences between a conventional language syllabus and a task-based one arediscussed below. A conventional syllabus typically specifies the content of a course fromamong these categories:— language structures— functions— topics and themes— macro-skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking)— competencies— text types— vocabulary targets
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