Statistical tests
For more complex statistical analysis there are a range of statistical tests that can be applied to your data. To select the right test, you need to ask yourself two questions:
1. What kind of data have you collected?
2. What variables are you looking to establish a relationship between?
Choosing the right test to compare measurements can be a tricky one, as you must choose between two families of tests: parametric and non parametric:
• Parametric tests – include Mean, Standard Deviation, t test,analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, regression (linear and non linear);
• Non-parametric tests – include Median, interquartile range, Spear-man correlation, Wilcox on test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test. Choosing the right test Choosing between these two families of tests can be difficult. The following section outlines some of the basic rules for deciding which family of tests suits your data.
• You should choose a parametric test if your data is sampled from a population that follows a normal distribution (or Gaussian distribution). The normal distribution is a pattern for the distrbution of a set of data, which follows a bell shaped curve. This means that the data has less of a tendency to produce unusually extreme values, compared to some other distributions.
• You should choose a non-parametric test if the population clearly does not follow a normal distribution. Where values may be “off the scale,” that is, too high or too low to measure, a non-parametric test can assign values too low or too high to measure.
What do these tests tell you?
Parametric tests
Mean - The mean is more commonly called the average, however this is incorrect if “mean” is taken in the specific sense of “arithmetic mean” as there are different types of averages: the mean, median, and mode. Standard Deviation - The standard deviation measures the spread of the data about the mean value. It is useful in comparing sets of data, which may have the same mean but a different range.
t test - The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other. This analysis is appropriate whenever you want to compare the means of two groups.
Statistical tests
For more complex statistical analysis there are a range of statistical tests that can be applied to your data. To select the right test, you need to ask yourself two questions:
1. What kind of data have you collected?
2. What variables are you looking to establish a relationship between?
Choosing the right test to compare measurements can be a tricky one, as you must choose between two families of tests: parametric and non parametric:
• Parametric tests – include Mean, Standard Deviation, t test,analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, regression (linear and non linear);
• Non-parametric tests – include Median, interquartile range, Spear-man correlation, Wilcox on test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test. Choosing the right test Choosing between these two families of tests can be difficult. The following section outlines some of the basic rules for deciding which family of tests suits your data.
• You should choose a parametric test if your data is sampled from a population that follows a normal distribution (or Gaussian distribution). The normal distribution is a pattern for the distrbution of a set of data, which follows a bell shaped curve. This means that the data has less of a tendency to produce unusually extreme values, compared to some other distributions.
• You should choose a non-parametric test if the population clearly does not follow a normal distribution. Where values may be “off the scale,” that is, too high or too low to measure, a non-parametric test can assign values too low or too high to measure.
What do these tests tell you?
Parametric tests
Mean - The mean is more commonly called the average, however this is incorrect if “mean” is taken in the specific sense of “arithmetic mean” as there are different types of averages: the mean, median, and mode. Standard Deviation - The standard deviation measures the spread of the data about the mean value. It is useful in comparing sets of data, which may have the same mean but a different range.
t test - The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other. This analysis is appropriate whenever you want to compare the means of two groups.
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