Shared Leadership Defined
According to Day et al. (2004), team and shared
leadership capacity is an emergent state—
something dynamic that develops throughout
a team’s lifespan and that varies based on the
inputs, processes, and outcomes of the team.
It produces patterns of reciprocal influence,
which reinforce and develop further relationships
between team members (Carson et al.
2007). The most widely cited definition of
shared leadership is that of Pearce & Conger
(2003): “a dynamic, interactive influence process
among individuals in groups for which the
objective is to lead one another to the achievement
of group or organizational goals or both.
This influence process often involves peer, or
lateral, influence and at other times involves
upward or downward hierarchical influence”
(p. 1). The term shared leadership overlaps with
relational and complexity leadership, and differs
from more traditional, hierarchical, or vertical
models of leadership (Pearce & Sims 2002).
Highly shared leadership is broadly distributed
within a group or a team of individuals
rather than localized in any one individual
who serves in the role of supervisor (Pearce& Conger 2003). More specifically, shared leadership
is defined as a team-level outcome (Day
et al. 2004) or as a “simultaneous, ongoing, mutual
influence process within a team that is characterized
by ‘serial emergence’ of official as well
as unofficial leaders” (Pearce 2004, p. 48). Similar
to what we’ve described with respect to complexity
leadership, when shared leadership can
be “viewed as a property of the whole system,
as opposed to solely the property of individuals,
effectiveness in leadership becomes more a
product of those connections or relationships
among the parts than the result of any one part
of that system (such as the leader)” (O’Connor
& Quinn 2004, p. 423).
Shared Leadership DefinedAccording to Day et al. (2004), team and sharedleadership capacity is an emergent state—something dynamic that develops throughouta team’s lifespan and that varies based on theinputs, processes, and outcomes of the team.It produces patterns of reciprocal influence,which reinforce and develop further relationshipsbetween team members (Carson et al.2007). The most widely cited definition ofshared leadership is that of Pearce & Conger(2003): “a dynamic, interactive influence processamong individuals in groups for which theobjective is to lead one another to the achievementof group or organizational goals or both.This influence process often involves peer, orlateral, influence and at other times involvesupward or downward hierarchical influence”(p. 1). The term shared leadership overlaps withrelational and complexity leadership, and differsfrom more traditional, hierarchical, or verticalmodels of leadership (Pearce & Sims 2002).Highly shared leadership is broadly distributedwithin a group or a team of individualsrather than localized in any one individualwho serves in the role of supervisor (Pearce& Conger 2003). More specifically, shared leadershipis defined as a team-level outcome (Dayet al. 2004) or as a “simultaneous, ongoing, mutualinfluence process within a team that is characterizedby ‘serial emergence’ of official as wellas unofficial leaders” (Pearce 2004, p. 48). Similarto what we’ve described with respect to complexityleadership, when shared leadership canbe “viewed as a property of the whole system,as opposed to solely the property of individuals,effectiveness in leadership becomes more aproduct of those connections or relationshipsamong the parts than the result of any one partof that system (such as the leader)” (O’Connor& Quinn 2004, p. 423).
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