Online mobile- or smartphone addiction is closely related to internet addictions because the features
are similar (Kwon, Kim, Choi, Gu, Hahn & Min, 2013). Internet addiction mostly begins with habits
such as the checking habit; digital addictions are often the result of using habits to relieve pain or
escape from the reality (Huisman, Garretsen, & van den Eijnden, 2000). Therefore, there is frequently
an undesirable situation with certain habits that become problematic, such as playing games, visiting
social media or forums (Young, 1999). Some characteristics, such as stress, loneliness, or isolation,
could play a role as well (Young, 1999).