value at constant pressure (wet basis or as received) [31]. In this research, the low heating value was used for all pellets because it is perhaps the most practical measure of energy content. It was obvious that the gross calorific value of bamboo pellets was higher than that of rice straw pellets. The different compositions of bam- boo and rice straw led to the variations of gross calorific value. It was confirmed that gross calorific value of pellets was most affected by the composition of materials [31]. Gross calorific value of rice straw pellets could not meet the minimum requirement for making commercial pellets of DIN 51731 (>17,500 J/g) [12]. It is significant that gross calorific value of pellets, manufactured using mixing ratio (!3:2) of bamboo and rice straw, was higher than 17,500 J/g.