Bar Charts
Bar charts are used to compare an amount of a variable at particular times or points, or to compare the amount of one variable to another. Bar charts are less effective in emphasizing the trend in a variable over time. They may be horizontally or vertically oriented. The virtue of bar charts is their simplicity, so they should be as uncluttered as possible.
· Use as few bars as necessary, with a maximum of six different bars.
· Emphasize one aspect of the data by changing a specific bar’s color or texture.
· Leave control bars unfilled (or white on color charts) to stand apart from experimental variables.
· Bars should be wider than the spaces between them. All bars should be of equal width, and all spaces—including the space between the axis and the first bar—should be of equal width. Bars
should be neither very thin nor very wide.
· With groups of bars, a space should separate the groups, but no space is necessary between the bars of a group. The space between the groups of bars should be about the width of one bar or less.
· Data values should not be written either within the bar or outside it. If exact values are important, the data should be presented as a table. If bars are labeled with values, don’t use tick marks or grid lines.
· Don’t use tick marks on the X axis.
· Use the same fill color for all bars in single data set.
· Use different fill colors for positive and negative values.
· For single bars, center labels below each bar.
· For groups of bars, individual bars can be labeled. Group labels can be centered below the individual bar labels for vertical bar charts or placed to the left of the individual bar labels for horizontal bar charts. The groups can be labeled, and the bars can be distinguished by shading or patterns. Lettering in individual column labels should be smaller than lettering in the group labels.
· The longest bar (or its error bar)should reach nearly to the end of the chart.Figs. 26 and 27 illustrate the above points. They show basically the same information,but Fig. 27 is easier to read.
Bar ChartsBar charts are used to compare an amount of a variable at particular times or points, or to compare the amount of one variable to another. Bar charts are less effective in emphasizing the trend in a variable over time. They may be horizontally or vertically oriented. The virtue of bar charts is their simplicity, so they should be as uncluttered as possible.· Use as few bars as necessary, with a maximum of six different bars.· Emphasize one aspect of the data by changing a specific bar’s color or texture.· Leave control bars unfilled (or white on color charts) to stand apart from experimental variables.· Bars should be wider than the spaces between them. All bars should be of equal width, and all spaces—including the space between the axis and the first bar—should be of equal width. Barsshould be neither very thin nor very wide.· With groups of bars, a space should separate the groups, but no space is necessary between the bars of a group. The space between the groups of bars should be about the width of one bar or less.· Data values should not be written either within the bar or outside it. If exact values are important, the data should be presented as a table. If bars are labeled with values, don’t use tick marks or grid lines.· Don’t use tick marks on the X axis.· Use the same fill color for all bars in single data set.· Use different fill colors for positive and negative values.· For single bars, center labels below each bar.· For groups of bars, individual bars can be labeled. Group labels can be centered below the individual bar labels for vertical bar charts or placed to the left of the individual bar labels for horizontal bar charts. The groups can be labeled, and the bars can be distinguished by shading or patterns. Lettering in individual column labels should be smaller than lettering in the group labels.· The longest bar (or its error bar)should reach nearly to the end of the chart.Figs. 26 and 27 illustrate the above points. They show basically the same information,but Fig. 27 is easier to read.
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