This belief motivates conservation policies, including resettlement of human communities (11) away from threatened wildlife populations and expulsion of certain types of nonconsumptive human activities (e.g., research) from protected areas (12). However, empirical and quantitative information on the capacity and mechanisms for wildlife to coexist with humans at fine spatial scales is lacking. Such information is urgently required, because human pressures on protected areas (e.g., livestock grazing, natural resource collection, and hunting),although illicit, have increased enormously (5, 13). In addition,the world is projected to add ∼1.4 billion more people over the next two decades, forcing human and wildlife populations to share the same space (14).