Group 2: deformed larvae (DL). Death in this group occurred during any stages of larval development, and of ten, the pupae were visible inside the larval cuticle
Group 3: pre-pupae and pupae not completely out of the
larval exoskeleton (PP). This group was for pupae that
died during emergence from the larval exoskeleton.
Group 4: white pupa (WP). This group is represented by
pupae that completely escaped the larval exoskeleton but
remained unmelanized until death.
Group 5: deformed pupa (DP). This group was for
completely emerged pupae that were abnormally shaped.
Group 6: dead normal brown pupa (BP). This group was
for dead pupae that were melanized and normal in
appearance.
Group 7: adult attached to the pupal case (PA). This group
was for when the adult had partly emerged from the pupal
case before dying.
Group 8: normal adult (NA). This group was for adults
found dead on the water surface that had completely
emerged and had a normal appearance