Many educational institutions, hospitals, and other service organizations have been the subject of an accreditation study, and many professionals, at one time or another, have had to meet certification requirements for a given position. Such studies of institutions and personnel are in the realm of accountability-oriented evaluations, as well as having an improvement element. Institutions, institutional programs, and personnel are studied to prove whether they meet requirements of given professions and service authorities and whether they are fit to serve designated functions in society. Typically the feedback reports identify areas for improvement.