Examples of such assistance include capacity building in IPR management and technical starndards, establishing public and public-private research facilities, and facilitating trade in technology-related services. The terms of TRIPS article 66.2 could also be expanded to include all developing countries without a significant domestic science and technology base. In addition, a special fee on international patent applications could be considered, through the patent cooperation treaty, with revenues earmarked for improving IPR administrative systems in developing countries. Given different interests of developing countries regarding criteria for patentability,novelty and utility,efforts toward harmonization of criteria or tests could be limited to the regional level, through,for example, cooperative examination offices that apply regional standards