Preparation of nano-emulsions
We initially mixed the three oils (miglyol, rapeseed and salmon) in different proportions based on the mixture design. The appropriate quantity of soya lecithin was determined based on the RHLB added in the oil phase and mixed during 5 min by vortex in inert atmosphere (nitrogen). We mixed the glycerol (3%) and tween 80 with water (55%) at 50°C and then under vortex. The oil phase added into aqueous phase and then we sonicated the mixture at 40 kHz and 40% of full power, for 120 s (1 s on and 1 s off), to achieve a homogeneous solution. To obtain the various nano-emulsions based on the mix- ture design, we circulated the O/W emulsions five times through a high-pressure valve homogenizer Emulsiflex-C3 (provided by Sodexim S.A, France), at 22,000 psi. The homogenization temperature was kept at 10°C by circulat- ing cold water (4°C) around the valve. Each re-circulated sample was kept under nitrogen atmosphere to avoid any oxidation. Emulsion samples were stored in the dark in sterilized bottles at 20°C.