actors
in a logistic chain take place at strategic,
tactical and operational management levels, as is
shown in Figs. 1 and 3. The intensity of interaction
driven by efficiency is strongest at the operational
level, in contrast to the scope of issues
dealt with which is the greatest at the strategic
level. At the strategic level the issues dealt with
are focused on development of objectives and
policies for the logistic chain (Stevens, 1989). At
the tactical level the issues dealt with focus on
the means by which the strategic objectives can
be realized, such as the determination of tools,
approaches and resources for logistic chain management.
At the operational level the issues dealt
with should be focused on efficient operation of
the logistic chain, such as supply chain performance
measurement in terms of inventory investment,
service level and supplier performance.