Foreword........................................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgments........................................................................................................ iv
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... vii
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1
Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 1
2 . Indigenous Peoples in Cambodia .......................................................................... 3
Target Populations ....................................................................................................................... 3
Ethnolinguistic Characteristics .................................................................................................. 3
Location of Indigenous Peoples ................................................................................................ 5
Recent History ............................................................................................................................... 6
3 . Laws and Policies Related to Indigenous Peoples ............................................. 9
Cambodia and International Human Rights Conventions .................................................... 9
Ethnic Minorities and the Cambodian Constitution .............................................................. 9
Inter-Ministerial Committee for Highland Peoples Development ....................................... 9
Current Policies toward Indigenous Peoples ........................................................................ 10
Government Policy and Strategies toward Poverty Reduction .......................................... 11
4 . Programs and Projects for the Development of Indigenous Peoples .......... 15
The SEILA Program ................................................................................................................... 16
United Nations Development Programme ............................................................................. 16
World Bank .................................................................................................................................. 17
World Health Organization ...................................................................................................... 18
United Nations Children’s Fund............................................................................................... 18
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization .................................. 18
Partner for Development .......................................................................................................... 18
Médecins du Monde................................................................................................................... 19
NOMAD ........................................................................................................................................ 19
Médecins Sans Frontierès ......................................................................................................... 19
CONTENTS
Non-Timber Forest Products .................................................................................................... 19
Coopération Internationale pour le Développement de la Solidarité, Cambodia.......... 19
Health Unlimited ........................................................................................................................ 20
5 . Understanding the Poverty Concerns of Indigenous Peoples: Trends,
Causes, and Perceptions ....................................................................................... 21
Perception of Poverty in the Cambodian Context ................................................................ 21
Findings of the Provincial Workshop ..................................................................................... 21
Livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples ......................................................................................... 23
War and Poverty in the Highland Areas ................................................................................. 24
Changes in the Highlands after the First National Elections ............................................. 24
Education .................................................................................................................................... 29
Health ........................................................................................................................................... 31
Civil Society and Governance .................................................................................................. 33
6 . Asian Development Bank Experience ................................................................. 35
Agriculture Sector Program ..................................................................................................... 35
Health and Education Needs of Ethnic Minorities in the Greater Mekong Subregion .. 36
Poverty Reduction and Environmental Management in Greater Mekong Subregion
Watersheds ............................................................................................................................... 37
7 . Toward a National Action Plan ............................................................................ 39
General Concerns ...................................................................................................................... 39
Education .................................................................................................................................... 39
Health ........................................................................................................................................... 40
Agriculture .................................................................................................................................. 40
Action Plan .................................................................................................................................. 40
Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 45
ADB – Asi