Another line of evidence for failure of complete compensation
stems from studies comparing the effects of consuming isocaloric
loads of liquid or solid calories [17]. When two groups were assigned
to drink 450 kcal/day of a soft drink, or consume the same amount of
sucrose energy as jelly beans, the jelly beans reduced their caloric
consumption by slightly more than contained in the beans, but
subjects drinking the soft drinks failed to reduce their caloric
consumption to compensate for the soft drink, and actually increased
their consumption of other foods slightly. Subjects consuming soft
drinks had a small but significant weight gain over the course of the
study, but those eating the jelly beans did not [17]. Other studies also
demonstrate a lack of compensation for calories consumed as
beverages as opposed to solid food [78–83]. These studies argue
that sugar or HFCS in liquid beverages may not suppress intake of
solid foods to the level needed to maintain energy balance, however,
the exact mechanism responsible for that weaker compensatory
response is unknown [84].