9.Thoracotomy is an incision into the pleural space of the chest.[1] It is performed by surgeons (or emergency physicians undercertain circumstances) to gain access to the thoracic organs, most commonly the heart, the lungs, or the esophagus, or for access to the thoracic aorta or the anterior spine (the latter may be necessary to access tumors in the spine).
Treatment: The lung to be operated on is deflated, while a breathing tube helps your other lung continue working. The deflated lung can then be examined and any necessary procedure performed, including removing part or all of the lung. In some cases, nearby lymph nodes may be removed, as well.
Nursing: When the procedure is finished, one or more tubes are placed in the chest temporarily to drain fluid and air. Then the rib cage is repaired and the muscle and skin are closed with sutures or staples.
http://www.cts.usc.edu/lpg-thoracotomy-thethoracotomyprocedure.html
10.Haemorrhoids are a common problem. Many patients can manage their symptoms with attention to diet or a topical treatment when symptoms are minor.
Treatment: I will be uncomfortable when you first open your bowels after the operation, it is important that you do not avoid going to the lavatory. The discomfort will get better. Patients are given a regular stool softener to take for 4-6 weeks and are advised to avoid straining.
Nursing: For further information see our advice sheet Caring for Yourself after Anal Surgery.
Patients are encouraged to keep mobile after the procedure. They should avoid heavy lifting or increased physical activities for about 6 weeks. Patients can normally resume driving after about 2 weeks but this may vary.