In the language and literacy domain, vocabu-lary knowledge and other aspects of oral language
are particularly important predictors of children’s reading comprehension.46 Even when children with limited vocabulary manage to acquire basic decoding skills, they still often encounter difficulty around grade 3 or 4 when they begin needing to read more advanced text in various subjects.47 Their vocabulary deficit impedes comprehension and thus their acquisition of knowledge neces-sary to succeed across the curriculum.48 Clearly, children who hear little or no English in the home would have even more initial difficulty with com prehension in English.