Spores were inoculated at a final concentration of 104 conidia per g starting material. Inoculation of pathogens and the antagonist (T. gamsii 6085 vs F. graminearum 124,
and vs F. culmorum 627) was done concurrently by mixing spore suspensions. T. gamsii, F. graminearum and F. culmorum alone were used as biotic controls, while uninoculated haulms and rice were used as abiotic controls.