A major source of CO 2 is the power generation and heat supply sector whose global CO 2 emissions were 10.5 Gt CO 2 in 2004 (Sims et al ., 2007); it is estimated that emissions from this sector would rise to about 14.6 Gt CO 2 in 2030. Further to this, use of fossil fuels to provide energy in the general industrial sector resulted in direct CO 2 emissions of 5.1 Gt CO 2 in 2004. In addition there were emissions from non-energy uses of fossil fuels (e.g. production of petrochemicals) and from non-fossil fuel sources (e.g. cement manufacture) that have been estimated to release 1.7 Gt CO 2 (Bernstein et al ., 2007). By 2010, it is estimated these emissions may have grown by about 20%. Projecting to 2030, the emissions could be 20–30% higher still (depending on assumptions about growth and mitigation strategies). On this basis it is inferred that the general and industrial sector’s emissions (from energy and non-energy uses) could be 9.8 to 10.6 Gt CO 2 in 2030.
Developing nations accounted for 53% of the total industrial CO 2 emissions in 2004; this proportion is expected to grow in future.