Robert Marzano (2003) argues that 35 years of educational research have actually
culminated in an exciting time for educational reform, as the research continues to
point to the same evidence. Culling the years of research, Marzano makes the case
that one of the most important factors in student success in school is a guaranteed
and viable curriculum - a curriculum that provides each student with the opportunity
to learn (guaranteed) and provides adequate time to do so (viability). The first
action step for schools is to explicitly articulate what content is considered essential
for all students, and in order to make it viable, Marzano argues, that content needs
to be pared down from the long lists of state standards that have shaped classrooms
as teachers have been forced to go for "coverage" over learning.
Mike Schmoker (2011) argues that 21st Century skills (collaboration, critical thinking,
etc.) aren't new, but rather that they are newly important as every student needs
them to be successful in the post-manufacturing age. He urges schools to say "no
thank you" to faddish activities that take valuable time from real learning and to
incorporate a "powerful combination of the following strategies for all students:"
• Adequate amounts of essential subject-area content, concepts and topics;
• Intellectual/thinking skills (e.g., argument, problem-solving, reconciling
opposing views, drawing one's own conclusions); and
• Authentic literacy - purposeful reading, writing, and discussion as the primary
modes of learning both content and thinking skills.
He goes on to argue that content does matter, and that foundational knowledge is
key to our ability to think and reason. While Schmoker does not argue that
technology itself is bad, he suggests that we should back off on implementing
technology that is separate from or takes time away from articulating a clear and
Robert Marzano (2003) argues that 35 years of educational research have actually
culminated in an exciting time for educational reform, as the research continues to
point to the same evidence. Culling the years of research, Marzano makes the case
that one of the most important factors in student success in school is a guaranteed
and viable curriculum - a curriculum that provides each student with the opportunity
to learn (guaranteed) and provides adequate time to do so (viability). The first
action step for schools is to explicitly articulate what content is considered essential
for all students, and in order to make it viable, Marzano argues, that content needs
to be pared down from the long lists of state standards that have shaped classrooms
as teachers have been forced to go for "coverage" over learning.
Mike Schmoker (2011) argues that 21st Century skills (collaboration, critical thinking,
etc.) aren't new, but rather that they are newly important as every student needs
them to be successful in the post-manufacturing age. He urges schools to say "no
thank you" to faddish activities that take valuable time from real learning and to
incorporate a "powerful combination of the following strategies for all students:"
• Adequate amounts of essential subject-area content, concepts and topics;
• Intellectual/thinking skills (e.g., argument, problem-solving, reconciling
opposing views, drawing one's own conclusions); and
• Authentic literacy - purposeful reading, writing, and discussion as the primary
modes of learning both content and thinking skills.
He goes on to argue that content does matter, and that foundational knowledge is
key to our ability to think and reason. While Schmoker does not argue that
technology itself is bad, he suggests that we should back off on implementing
technology that is separate from or takes time away from articulating a clear and
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