Fluid flow is characterized by a velocity vector field in three-dimensional space, within the framework of continuum mechanics. Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines are field lines resulting from this vector field description of the flow. They differ only when the flow changes with time: that is, when the flow is not steady.[1] [2]
Streamlines are a family of curves that are instantaneously tangent to the velocity vector of the flow. These show the direction a massless fluid element will travel in at any point in time.[3]
Streaklines are the loci of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the past. Dye steadily injected into the fluid at a fixed point extends along a streakline.
Pathlines are the trajectories that individual fluid particles follow. These can be thought of as "recording" the path of a fluid element in the flow over a certain period. The direction the path takes will be determined by the streamlines of the fluid at each moment in time.
Timelines are the lines formed by a set of fluid particles that were marked at a previous instant in time, creating a line or a curve that is displaced in time as the particles move.
By definition, different streamlines at the same instant in a flow do not intersect, because a fluid particle cannot have two different velocities at the same point. Similarly, streaklines cannot intersect themselves or other streaklines, because two particles cannot be present at the same location at the same instant of time; unless the origin point of one of the streaklines also belongs to the streakline of the other origin point. However, pathlines are allowed to intersect themselves or other pathlines (except the starting and end points of the different pathlines, which need to be distinct).
Streamlines and timelines provide a snapshot of some flowfield characteristics, whereas streaklines and pathlines depend on the full time-history of the flow. However, often sequences of timelines (and streaklines) at different instants—being presented either in a single image or with a video stream—may be used to provide insight in the flow and its history.
If a line, curve or closed curve is used as start point for a continuous set of streamlines, the result is a stream surface. In the case of a closed curve in a steady flow, fluid that is inside a stream surface must remain forever within that same stream surface, because the streamlines are tangent to the flow velocity. A scalar function whose contour lines define the streamlines is known as the stream function.
Dye line may refer either to a streakline: dye released gradually from a fixed location during time; or it may refer to a timeline: a line of dye applied instantaneously at a certain moment in time, and observed at a later instant.
เขตในพื้นที่สามมิติ ภายในกรอบของสมิติกลศาสตร์เวกเตอร์ความเร็วเป็นลักษณะการไหลของเหลว สรรค์ streaklines และ pathlines เป็นฟิลด์บรรทัดเป็นผลจากคำอธิบายฟิลด์นี้เวกเตอร์ของการไหล พวกเขาแตกต่างเฉพาะ เมื่อขั้นตอนการเปลี่ยนแปลงกับเวลา: คือ เมื่อการไหลไม่มั่นคง [1] [2] สรรค์มีครอบครัวของเส้นโค้งที่ instantaneously แทนเจนต์กับเวกเตอร์ความเร็วของการไหล ดูเหล่านี้เป็นองค์ประกอบของเหลว massless ทิศทางที่จะเดินทางในจุดใดจุดหนึ่งในเวลา [3] Streaklines loci คะแนนของอนุภาคของเหลวทั้งหมดที่ผ่านอย่างต่อเนื่องจุดเฉพาะพื้นที่ในอดีต ได้ สีที่ฉีดเข้าไปในของเหลวที่จุดคงที่อย่างต่อเนื่องขยายตาม streakline Pathlines trajectories ตามแต่ละอนุภาคของเหลวได้ เหล่านี้สามารถคิดเป็น "บันทึก" เส้นทางขององค์ประกอบของเหลวในขั้นตอนระยะเวลาที่กำหนดได้ ทิศทางใช้เส้นทางจะถูกกำหนด โดยสรรค์ของน้ำในแต่ละช่วงเวลา เส้นเวลาเป็นรายการที่เกิดขึ้นจากชุดของอนุภาคของเหลวที่ถูกทำเครื่องหมายในทันทีก่อนหน้านี้ในเวลา สร้างเส้นหรือเส้นโค้งที่พลัดถิ่นในขณะที่อนุภาคย้ายBy definition, different streamlines at the same instant in a flow do not intersect, because a fluid particle cannot have two different velocities at the same point. Similarly, streaklines cannot intersect themselves or other streaklines, because two particles cannot be present at the same location at the same instant of time; unless the origin point of one of the streaklines also belongs to the streakline of the other origin point. However, pathlines are allowed to intersect themselves or other pathlines (except the starting and end points of the different pathlines, which need to be distinct).Streamlines and timelines provide a snapshot of some flowfield characteristics, whereas streaklines and pathlines depend on the full time-history of the flow. However, often sequences of timelines (and streaklines) at different instants—being presented either in a single image or with a video stream—may be used to provide insight in the flow and its history.If a line, curve or closed curve is used as start point for a continuous set of streamlines, the result is a stream surface. In the case of a closed curve in a steady flow, fluid that is inside a stream surface must remain forever within that same stream surface, because the streamlines are tangent to the flow velocity. A scalar function whose contour lines define the streamlines is known as the stream function.Dye line may refer either to a streakline: dye released gradually from a fixed location during time; or it may refer to a timeline: a line of dye applied instantaneously at a certain moment in time, and observed at a later instant.
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