results
in this section,we present the results of the regression analysis. we first report the descriptive statistics and correlation results in section 4.1. this is followed in section 4.2 by a presentation of the regression results.
descriptive statistic and correlation matrix
table 2 presents a summary of the descriptive statistics of the dependent and independent variables.
table 2 shows that the mean income strategy is 71.0 per cent. this suggests that listed companies in Tanzania adopt more income-increasing accounting policies than income-decreasing accounting policies. this is consistent with positive accounting theory and agency theory which argues that managers choose accounting methods to maximise their utility. we therefore view these findings as a reflection of managerial opportunism and weak corporate governance mechanisms.