Other commentators have noted the importance of considering contextual variation across studies before drawing conclusions, ideally by way of meta-analysis. Heeding this call, we investigated by way of meta-analysis the following 3 questions about acetaminophen and ibuprofen for single-dose, short-term use in children: (1) their relative efficacy for treating pain, (2) their relative efficacy for treating fever, and (3) their safety compared with each other and with placebo.