Overall, professors A and B used task based instruction and student-centred learning
throughout the lessons. This expanded on the materials taught in the book. Professor C
designed a class centred on the TOEIC listening comprehension test, and did not include
materials outside the scope of what the students needed to know in order to improve their 35 TOEIC score. In classes A and B, students that were not interested in class sat in the back of the classroom talking in the L1 and not following the tasks laid out by the professors. In class C, students not interested in class fell asleep. The classes all had similar percentages of students not paying attention.