The pH values at 0 h were measured after sterilization. NVM: reconstituted skim milk (RSM) supplemented with nucleotide precursors, vitamins, and mineral salts; AVM: RSM supplemented with amino acids, vitamins, and mineral salts; ANM: RSM supplemented with amino acids, nucleotide precursors, and mineral salts; ANV: RSM supplemented with amino acids, nucleotide precursors, and vitamins; ANVM: RSM supplemented with amino acids, nucleotide precursors, vitamins, and mineral salts. The starter strain was L. plantarum ST-III. All values are mean of three replications ± SD. Column with different superscript letters indicate statistical differences (P < 0.05).