Since that time, a number of discoveries have been made about the specific parts in
the brain that are related to language functions. We now know that the most
important parts are in areas above the left ear. In order to describe them in greater
detail, we need to look more closely at some of the gray matter. So, take a head,
remove hair, scalp, skull, then disconnect the brain stem (connecting the brain to the
spinal cord) and cut the corpus callosum (connecting the two hemispheres). If we
disregard a certain amount of other material, we will basically be left with two parts,
the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. If we put the right hemisphere aside
for now, and place the left hemisphere down so that we have a side view, we’ll be
looking at something close to the accompanying illustration (adapted from
Geschwind, 1991).
The shaded areas in this illustration indicate the general locations of those language
functions involved in speaking and listening. We have come to know that these areas
exist largely through the examination, in autopsies, of the brains of people who, in life,
were known to have specific language disabilities. That is, we have tried to determine
where language abilities for normal users must be by finding areas with specific
damage in the brains of people who had identifiable language disabilities.
Since that time, a number of discoveries have been made about the specific parts inthe brain that are related to language functions. We now know that the mostimportant parts are in areas above the left ear. In order to describe them in greaterdetail, we need to look more closely at some of the gray matter. So, take a head,remove hair, scalp, skull, then disconnect the brain stem (connecting the brain to thespinal cord) and cut the corpus callosum (connecting the two hemispheres). If wedisregard a certain amount of other material, we will basically be left with two parts,the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. If we put the right hemisphere asidefor now, and place the left hemisphere down so that we have a side view, we’ll belooking at something close to the accompanying illustration (adapted fromGeschwind, 1991).The shaded areas in this illustration indicate the general locations of those languagefunctions involved in speaking and listening. We have come to know that these areasexist largely through the examination, in autopsies, of the brains of people who, in life,were known to have specific language disabilities. That is, we have tried to determinewhere language abilities for normal users must be by finding areas with specificdamage in the brains of people who had identifiable language disabilities.
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