Logistics is the integrated management of all the activities required to transfer goods/products through the supply
chain. For a typical product this supply chain extends from a raw material source through the production and
distribution system to the point of consumption and the associated reverse logistics. The logistical activities comprise
freight transport, storage, inventory management, materials handling and all the related information processing. The
main objective of logistics is to co-ordinate these activities in a way that meets customer requirements at minimum
cost. This cost has previously been defined in purely monetary terms. In light of rising concern for the environment,
firms shall have to take more account of the external costs of logistics associated principally with climate change, air
pollution, noise, vibration and accidents. Green logistics examines ways of reducing these externalities and achieving
a more sustainable balance between economic, environmental and social objectives